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Emerald Tablet
The ''Emerald Tablet'', also known as the ''Smaragdine Table'', or ''Tabula Smaragdina'', is a compact and cryptic piece of Hermetica reputed to contain the secret of the prima materia and its transmutation. It was highly regarded by European alchemists as the foundation of their art and its Hermetic tradition. The original source of the ''Emerald Tablet'' is unknown. Although Hermes Trismegistus is the author named in the text, its first known appearance is in a book written in Arabic between the sixth and eighth centuries. The text was first translated into Latin in the twelfth century. Numerous translations, interpretations and commentaries followed.
The layers of meaning in the ''Emerald Tablet'' have been associated with the creation of the philosopher's stone, laboratory experimentation, phase transition, the alchemical magnum opus, the ancient, classical, element system, and the correspondence between macrocosm and microcosm.
==Textual history==
The text of the ''Smaragdine Tablet'' gives its author as Hermes Trismegistus ("Hermes the Thrice-Greatest"), a legendary Hellenistic〔Hart, G., ''The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses'', 2005, Routledge, second edition, Oxon, p 158〕 combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth.〔(Budge ''The Gods of the Egyptians'' Vol. 1 p. 415)〕 Despite the claims of antiquity, it's believed to be an Arabic work written between the sixth and eighth centuries.〔Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. ''The Western Esoteric Traditions : A Historical Introduction.'' Oxford University Press, 2008. p. 34.〕 The oldest documentable source of the text is the ''Kitāb sirr al-ḫalīqa'' (''Book of the Secret of Creation and the Art of Nature''), itself a composite of earlier works. This volume is attributed to "Balinas" (or Pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana) who wrote sometime around the eighth century.〔Katharine Park, Lorraine Daston. ''The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 3, Early Modern Science''. Cambridge University Press, 2006. p.502〕 In his book, Balinas frames the ''Emerald Tablet'' as ancient Hermetic wisdom. He tells his readers that he discovered the text in a vault below a statue of Hermes in Tyana, and that, inside the vault, an old corpse on a golden throne held the emerald tablet.〔Florian Ebeling. ''The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism from Ancient to Modern Times.'' Cornell University Press, 2007. p. 46-47, 96〕
Following Balinas, an early version of the ''Emerald Tablet'' appeared in ''Kitab Ustuqus al-Uss al-Thani'' (''Second Book of the Elements of Foundation'') attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan.〔M. Th Houtsma. ''First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936'' p. 594〕 The ''Smaragdine Tablet'' was first translated into Latin in the twelfth century by Hugo von Santalla.〔Florian Ebeling. ''The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism from Ancient to Modern Times.'' Cornell University Press, 2007. p. 49〕 The text is also in an enlarged thirteenth century edition of ''Secretum Secretorum'' (also known as ''Kitab Sirr al-Asrar'').
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